@datarama @cocaine_owlbear @cstross @emenel @zzt This good: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-023-01751-8 It seems that females may be more self-aware than males. It's also a kind of lame study, as the experimenters themselves point out. Among other problems, the tests were conducted in the tokays' home where the environment was saturated with their own smells, and they didn't test the combo of mark (peppermint) + own scent that they felt was the strongest indicator of self-awareness in dogs.